diet and physical activity) is very effective and can lower triglyceride levels by up to 50%. 1 For everyone, adopting and maintaining healthy lifestyle (i.e. Diet that produce significant and sustained weight loss offer the most favorable reduction in triglyceride levels, regardless of the carbohydrate, protein or fat intake.Fruits like apple and pear are low in fructose (4-10 g). The major sources of fructose include cola and other soft drinks with high fructose syrup (14-23 g per oz), honey (17 g per 2 tbsp). Americans consume fructose in large quantities (up to 150 g/d) but a dose >50 g increases triglycerides.High glycemic load is an important contributor of high triglycerides. By comparison, the glycemic load of a food is calculated by multiplying the glycemic index by carbohydrate in grams and dividing by 100. The glycemic index is defined as the ratio of the blood glucose response to a specific food and the glucose response to a standard food (ie, white bread).In general, most refined starchy foods in the diet have a high glycemic index, whereas nonstarchy vegetables, fruits, and legumes typically have a low glycemic index.Conversely, higher triglyceride levels (5% to 10%) were observed when added sugar represented a greater proportion of energy intake. The lowest triglyceride levels were observed when added sugar represented <10% of total energy. The American Heart Association recommends limiting added sugars to fewer than 100 calories daily (ie, 6 tsp) for women and 150 calories daily (9 tsp) for men (≈5% of total energy).People with high triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dL) should limit their intake of fructose that is mainly found in soda and fruits, and instead emphasize a healthy diet including an increase in consumption of vegetables and low fructose fruits.Conversely regular exercise and weight reduction can cause a 20-30% decrease. A consumption of 15-20% of energy from fructose, especially soft drinks or table sugar, results in 30-40% increase in triglycerides. Alcohol intake has a major effect on triglycerides, especially when consumption is in excessive ( 1-2 drinks or 10-30 g/day.Consuming too many simple sugars, refined grains, and alcohol will increase triglyceride levels for those who have not been diagnosed with triglycerides outside normal range.Simple sugars (high fructose syrup), saturated fats, and trans-fats raise triglyceride levels, whereas weight loss or use of unsaturated fats, especially those containing marine omega-3 fatty acids, lower triglyceride levels.Familial combined hyperlipidemia is defined as hypertriglyceremic hyperbetalipoproteinemia with triglycerides exceeding 177 mg/dl and apo B exceeding 125 mg/dl.In fact non-fasting triglycerides predict CAD more strongly than fasting triglycerides. Non-fasting triglyceride levels are not used in the definition of MetS and should not be used in the calculation of LDL-C by the Friedewald formula.1 In fact non-fasting triglycerides predict CAD more strongly than fasting triglycerides.
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